cell movements

Diffusion: Examples are respiration and excretion in animal bodies. Oxygen is passed from lungs to cells by a process of diffusion. The carbon dioxide excreted by the cells is diffused to the lungs. Diffusion is also central to the process of excretion. When there is excess water it is diffused to the kidneys, and when there is less water it is diffused back to the body. (http://www.enotes.com/science/q-and-a/describe-two-2-examples-diffusion-occurs-living-197053)


Facilitated Diffusion: facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport, it moves substances down their concentration gradient without using the cell's energy Active Transport.  EX. Glucose is the body's primary source of direct energy. Our cells have a membrane protein that facilitates the diffusion of glucose from the bloodstream into the cell. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facilitated_diffusion)


Osmosis: osmosis is the movement of solute from a higher concentration to lower concentration.  EX. Plant absorb water from the earth through the process of osmosis. Exchange of water in body fluids and body cells in animals (including humans) takes place through osmosis. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmosis)


Phagocytosis: EX. your white blood cells attacking foreign bodies. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phagocytosis)


Active transport: Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration energy. It need senergy to move. An example could be the uptake of glucose in the intestines.(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_transport)

Three Types of Cells

Single Cell :                                    Plant Cell :                                          Animal Cell :

Animal and plant cells are eukaryotes, which means they all have a nucleus.  However, some single cell doesn't contain a nucleus, while others contain more than one nucleus.  Also, plant cell has a cell wall, which both animal and single cells don't have.

Five Types of Nutrients

1) Carbonhydrates

Carbohydrates are the main source of energy.  It provides glucose for the body.

2) Fats

Fats are an important part of a healthy diet.  It contains essential fatty acids, which helps the body to produce cell membranes, myelin sheaths, and certain hormones.

3) Proteins

Proteins supply raw materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle.  It also have regulatory and transport functions.

4) Vitamins

Vitamins are organic molecules that help regulate body processes, often working with enzymes.

5) Minerals

Our body needs small amounts of minerals such as calcium, iron, and magnesium.  It is a major component of bones, teeth, and hemoglobin.  It also required for normal functioning of nerves.

Electron microscope

Compound light microscope

Electron microscopes (EM) have a greater oesolving power than a light-powered optical microscope.